Chapter 1 Introduction The Science of Educational Research The Scientific Method Teachers as Researchers Four Levels of Research Some Specific Types of Research Validity Organization of This Book Putting It All Together Summary For Further Thought References Annotated Bibliography Rsearch Report Analysis Chapter 2 Introduction Educational Research: A Useful Tool Stating Research Questions and Hypotheses Research Variables Types of Research Studies Moderator Variables Control Variables Intervening Variables Extraneous Variables Combined Variables Selecting Research Problems Putting It All Together Summary Doing Your Own Research For Further Thought Annotated Bibliography Answers to Quizzes Rsearch Report Analysis Chapter 3 Introduction Using the Library Electronic Databases ERIC PsycINFO Education Index Readers Guide SSCI Journals R & D Centers Reviews & Syntheses Books Interlibrary Loans Review of the Literature Notetaking Summary Doing Your Own Research For Further Thought Annotated Bibliography Chapter 4: Operationally Defining and Measuring Research Variables Introduction Educational Research: A Useful Tool Stating Research Questions and Hypotheses Research Variables Types of Research Studies Moderator Variables Control Variables Intervening Variables Extraneous Variables Combined Variables Selecting Research Problems Putting It All Together Summary Doing Your Own Research For Further Thought Annotated Bibliography Answers to Quizzes Rsearch Report Analysis Chapter 5: Reliability and Validity Introduction Reliability of Data Collection Processes Sources of Uneliability How to Increase Reliability Statistical Procedures for Estimating Reliability Standard Error of Measurement How Reliable Does a Data Collection Process Have to Be? Validity of Data Collection Processes Sources of Invalidity EstablishingValidity Specific, Technical Evidence of Measurement Validity Content Validity Criterion-Relatied Validity Construct Validity Putting It All Together Summary Doing Your Own Research For Further Thought Annotated Bibliography Answers to Quizzes Rsearch Report Analysis Chapter 6: Data Collection Introduction Teacher-Designed Achievement Tests Questionnaires Open-Ended Versus Structured Formats Computer-Generated Questionnaires Likert Questionnaires Summary Regarding Questionnaires Interviews Observational Techniques Concluding Remarks Regarding Observational Techniques Unobtrusive Measurement Standardized Data Collection Instruments Putting It All Together Summary Doing Your Own Research For Further Thought Annotated Bibliography Rsearch Report Analysis Chapter 7: Reporting Data Introduction Describing and Comparing Test Performance Percentiles Normal Curve and Derived Scores Putting It All Together Summary Doing Your Own Research For Further Thought Annotated Bibliography Rsearch Report Analysis Chapter 8: Sampling Introduction The Idea Behind Sampling The Basic Sampling Strategies Random Sampling Biased Sampling Quota Sampling Systematic Sampling Stratified Sampling Essentially Random Sampling How Large Should a Sample Be? Analyzing Subgroups from Surveys What to Do About Nonrespondents Longitudinal Versus Cross-Sectional Surveys Putting It All Together Summary Doing Your Own Research For Further Thought Annotated Bibliography Answers To Quizzes Chapter 9: Qualitative Research Introduction The Origins and Impact of Qualitative Research Qualitative Data Collection Methods Types of Qualitative Data Selecting Subjects and Interpreting Qualitative Data The Four Types of Field Data Reliability and Validity of Qualitative Data The Phases of Qualitative Research Characteristics of a Good Qualitative Research Report Problems and Limitations of Qualitative Research What Is the Role of Qualitative Research in Education? Putting It All Together Summary Doing Your Own Research For Further Thought Annotated Bibliography Chapter 10: Internal Validity Chapter 11: Experimental Design Chapter 12: Quasi-experimental Design